Concentration

How much of the internet does one provider reach?

Concentration is structural exposure: how many organisations a single provider failure could touch. It does not say how often that happens; the shared fate study measures that.

Organisations
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Services
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Blast radius

Share of monitored organisations that depend on a provider in any layer (hosting, CDN or DNS).

Concentration by layer

The Herfindahl–Hirschman index (HHI) is the sum of squared market shares, from 0 (fragmented) to 10,000 (one provider). The 2023 US Merger Guidelines treat markets above 1,800 as highly concentrated. Unit: one organisation (registrable domain); shares are computed where the layer is observable.

LayerObservableHHILargest providers
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Hosting is hidden behind a CDN for many organisations, so hosting shares describe the observable part only. Multi-provider set-ups are reduced to the most common provider per layer.